C++ Coding Expert Challenge

In C++, what is the primary difference between using a reference and a pointer when passing arguments to a function?

• AReferences can be reassigned to different variables within the function, while pointers cannot.
• BPointers must be dereferenced to access the underlying value, while references do not.
• CReferences can be null, while pointers are guaranteed to point to a valid memory location.
• DPointers automatically track memory allocation and deallocation, while references do not.

What is the significance of the 'const' keyword when used in the context of a class method in C++?

• AIt indicates that the method can only be called from other const methods.
• BIt ensures that the method cannot modify any of the object's member variables.
• CIt prevents the method from throwing exceptions.
• DIt makes the method a static member of the class.

What is the purpose of the 'virtual' keyword in C++ when declaring a function within a base class?

• AIt prevents the function from being called.
• BIt allows the function to be overridden in derived classes, enabling polymorphism.
• CIt makes the function a static member of the class.
• DIt forces the function to be inlined by the compiler.

In C++, what is the difference between 'new' and 'malloc' when allocating memory dynamically?

• A'new' is a C function, while 'malloc' is a C++ operator.
• B'new' calls constructors and destructors, while 'malloc' only allocates raw memory.
• C'malloc' is type-safe, while 'new' is not.
• D'new' can only allocate memory on the stack, while 'malloc' allocates on the heap.

What is the purpose of a 'friend' function or class in C++?

• ATo prevent access to private members of a class.
• BTo allow a function or class to access the private and protected members of another class.
• CTo create a copy of a class.
• DTo define a subclass.